The ottomans were always quite a bit more westernized in general than the other caliphates of the time. Their conquest of Anatolia meant the absorption of a significant amount of byzantine (quasi western) culture and beliefs. Plus, their racial makeup was also significantly different, with the core of their population and their armies being made up of anatolians and balkaners rather than Arabs.
The umayyads were never considered remotely european even though they had Iberia. They never formed alliances with European countries and existed almost solely as an existential threat. The ottomans were always quite a bit different. They too had territory in Europe, were viewed at least as vaguely European, and had alliances with european kingdoms almost from their inception starting with tudor England
The umayyads were never considered remotely european even though they had Iberia. They never formed alliances with European countries and existed almost solely as an existential threat. The ottomans were always quite a bit different. They too had territory in Europe, were viewed at least as vaguely European, and had alliances with european kingdoms almost from their inception starting with tudor England
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