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C'mon Vlad, these are easy.

> How do signals travel 1500 miles if there is curve?

Ionosphere. Well known in the ham/amateur radio community. Fun fact: when the ionosphere is particularly excited (e.g. during aurora), you can literally talk halfway around the world.

> Why no adjustment for curve when maintaining submarine equal distance to surface of water

Subs maintain altitude through buoyancy, not newton's 3rd law. The buoyancy force is always normal to gravity, and thus subs wouldn't need to compensate even if Earth were a mobius strip.

> Why does airplane flying flat as a pancake [...]

They don't.

> [...] not have to adjust for increasing altitude?

Same deal as submarines. Less lift with thinner air + direct relationship between speed and lift = maintaining speed will maintain the altitude, no compensation needed. Remember air isn't an isotropic medium, and neither is water in the sea. The density varies extremely with altitude.

> Why are submarines not factoring for curvature when dealing with sonar?

Sonar is sound; the sound pulse itself isn't tangible, real, or matter, so trying to reason about its motion with the physics of missiles won't work. Much as light, it refracts and reflects off of interfaces, each producing an echo. In short, it bounces off of both the sea floor and the surface of the sea. I can find a good explainer video for you, if you like.

Pilots make such adjustments automatically as they fly. Why would they have to make sudden adjustments for the earth's curvature?

Speaking of the ocean, why is the top of a mountain or lighthouse the first thing I see if I'm far away? Rather, if the earth is flat, it should all come into focus at once. But this doesn't happen.

Why can't I see Hawaii from California? I should be able to take a telescope powerful enough, point it flat along the horizon in the direction of Hawaii, and see it from the west coast. But I can't, even though Hawaii is mountainous and far above sea level. Why not?

Further, as I approach Hawaii, when the islands are out of sight, the first thing I will see are the tops of mountains. The shoreline of Hawaii will be invisible. Why? I should be able to see them both at the same time.

Have any of your submarine captains, or anyone else, ever seen the edge of the earth? Where is it? We should have found it by now.

Here's a flat earther who designed an experiment to prove the earth is flat. He admitted that if his experiment failed, it would prove the earth is round. Watch the video. His experiment fails, to the surprise of no one who isn't an idiot.
https://www.indy100.com/science-tech/flat-earther-proves-world-round


When the sun is in the sky, why can't I see it at "night"? I can see the moon at night or in the day, where the hell is the sun at night? Why does it sink "below" a horizon? This makes no sense on a flat planet. If I can't see the sun, no one should be able to see it. Yet when it's night in America, it's day in China. Why? This makes no sense on a flat earth.

 We have now gotten to the point where we can build structures that account for the curvature of the earth. The Verrazano-Narrows bridge has cables longer at the top of its pylons than those at the bottom, even though both ends feature pylons pointing straight up. This is to be expected if one lives on the surface of a ball, but makes no sense if the surfaces are flat.
https://www.mathscinotes.com/2017/01/effect-of-earths-curvature-on-suspension-bridge-dimensions/