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Racism dates to 1897 (in French) and 1902 in English. *Pensée raciste* (racist thought) and *individualité raciste* (racist individuality) are found in the 1906 volume of *La Terro d’oc: revisto felibrenco e federalisto*, a [periodical](https://archive.org/details/laterrodocrevis00toulgoog) championing the cultural and ethnic identity of people in southern France. Here the word ‘racist’ was used without a hint of negativity.

> “Je forme des voeux pour la réussité de vos projets, car je suis persuadé que, dans cette fédération **des peuples de Langue d’Oc luttant pour leurs intérêts** et l’émancipation de **leur pensée raciste**, le prestige de Toulouse trouvera son compte.”

> “I express my best wishes for the success of your projects, because I am convinced that, in the federation of **the peoples of Langue d’Oc fighting for their interests** and the emancipation of **their racist thought**, the prestige of Toulouse will benefit.”