There was nothing like the Bible in the First Century AD. There was nothing like the Bible for many centuries following. It really wasn't until the 1500s more or less that the concept of the Bible as a book emerged. Up until then, people saw the books as independent and included many other texts, some of which we don't have or some which have since been rejected as "canon".
Jesus and the apostles quoted freely from not just the Old Testament texts we have today, but also the Book(s) of Enoch (which was lost and rediscovered) as well as Egyptian mythology.
However, and to repeat this point, at no time did Jesus or the apostles or anyone else in the First Century ever point to a book or a pile of books or scrolls or whatever and say "These are the authoritative resource for religious study."